2.8 Empirical and Molecular Formula 🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: Find the empirical and molecular formula from the percentage composition. Core Concepts Empirical Formula: The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound. Molecular Formula: The actual number of atoms of…
2.7 Calculation of Percentage Yield 🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: Calculate the theoretical yield and percentage yield from the given actual yield (experimental yield) Introduction to Yields When performing a chemical synthesis, we use a balanced chemical equation to compute exactly how much product should…
🎯 Learning Outcomes By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Define chemistry, matter, and other key terms of chemistry Recognise the importance and scope of chemistry Explain atom, molecule, radicals, valency, molecular formula, and empirical formula Recall simple ions with their name, formula, valency, and charges Write the molecular formula of…
Volumetric Analysis | subarnam.com.np 🎯 Learning Outcomes After the completion of the lesson, the students should be able to Define and explain the terms volumetric and gravimetric analysis. Define and calculate equivalent weights of (elements, acids, bases, salts, oxidising and reducing agents) Define, express, and calculate the concentration of solutions in terms of percentage, g/l,…
2.6 Limiting Reactant and Excess Reactant 🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: Identify the limiting reactant and excess reactant in a given chemical reaction. Calculate the maximum amount of products formed based on stoichiometric principles. Solve numerical problems related to leftover reactants, gas volumes at NTP,…
🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: Define a mole and explain its relation with mass, volume, and number of particles. Interpret a balanced chemical equation in terms of interacting moles, representative particles, masses, and volume of gases (at STP). Perform stoichiometric calculations involving the above quantities….
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14.1 Saturated Hydrocarbons (Alkanes) 🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Define and describe saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes). Show preparation of alkanes from haloalkanes (reduction and Wurtz reaction), decarboxylation, and catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes. Explain the chemical properties of alkanes. Classification of Organic Compounds Hydrocarbons Acyclic compounds…
10.2 Alkali Metals 🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, learners should be able to: Describe the general characteristics of alkali metals. Explain the extraction of sodium from Downs’ process. Describe properties of sodium (action with Oxygen, water, acids, nonmetals and ammonia) and uses. Explain properties (precipitation reaction and action with carbon monoxide)…
🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Explain the physical properties of liquids like evaporation and condensation, vapour pressure and boiling, surface tension, and viscosity in terms of intermolecular force and intermolecular space. Describe liquid crystals and their applications. 1 Introduction ▼ An intermediate state between a solid…
🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: 6.1 Define oxidation and reduction in terms of the electronic concept. 6.2 Define oxidation number and explain the rules of assigning oxidation numbers. 6.3 Calculate oxidation numbers of elements in compounds and ions. 6.4 Explain redox processes in terms of changes…
🎯 Learning outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: Show the structure of atoms and ions by the Lewis dot method. Explain the ionic bond and the properties of ionic compounds. Explain the covalent bond, the coordinate bond, and the properties of a covalent compound. Describe the features of sigma and pi bonds…
2.3 Avogadro’s Law and Some Deductions 🎯 Learning Outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: ✓ State Avogadro’s hypothesis and explain its significance ✓ Derive the relationship: Molecular Mass = 2 × Vapour Density ✓ Show that the gram molecular volume of any gas is 22.4 L at NTP…
Learning outcome The students should be able to Nitrogen Introduction Atomic number: 7 Atomic mass: 14 amu E.C.: 1s22s22p3 Molecular mass: 28 Dalton Position in the periodic table Nitrogen is placed along with phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth in group VA (15) of the periodic table. This group is called the nitrogen family….