2.8 Empirical and Molecular Formula 🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: Find the empirical and molecular formula from the percentage composition. Core Concepts Empirical Formula: The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound. Molecular Formula: The actual number of atoms of…
2.7 Calculation of Percentage Yield 🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: Calculate the theoretical yield and percentage yield from the given actual yield (experimental yield) Introduction to Yields When performing a chemical synthesis, we use a balanced chemical equation to compute exactly how much product should…
10.2 Alkali Metals 🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, learners should be able to: Describe the general characteristics of alkali metals. Explain the extraction of sodium from Downs’ process. Describe properties of sodium (action with Oxygen, water, acids, nonmetals and ammonia) and uses. Explain properties (precipitation reaction and action with carbon monoxide)…
🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Explain the physical properties of liquids like evaporation and condensation, vapour pressure and boiling, surface tension, and viscosity in terms of intermolecular force and intermolecular space. Describe liquid crystals and their applications. 1 Introduction ▼ An intermediate state between a solid…
🎯 Learning outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: Show the structure of atoms and ions by the Lewis dot method. Explain the ionic bond and the properties of ionic compounds. Explain the covalent bond, the coordinate bond, and the properties of a covalent compound. Describe the features of sigma and pi bonds…
2.1 Dalton’s Atomic Theory 2.2 Law’s of stoichiometry 2.3 Avogadro’s hypothesis 2.4 Mole concept 2.6 Limiting Reactant 2.7 % yield from experimental & theoretical yield 2.8 Empirical & molecular formula from % composition
2.3 Avogadro’s Law and Some Deductions 🎯 Learning Outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: ✓ State Avogadro’s hypothesis and explain its significance ✓ Derive the relationship: Molecular Mass = 2 × Vapour Density ✓ Show that the gram molecular volume of any gas is 22.4 L at NTP…
Learning outcomesLearners should be able to:Describe the crystalline and amorphous allotropes of carbon, including fullerenes, with their structure, general properties, and uses.State the properties of carbon monoxide: reducing action, reaction with metals, and nonmetalsList uses of carbon monoxide. Symbol: C Atomic number: 6 Atomic mass: 12Electronic configuration: [He] 2s2 2p2 Valency: 4Stable isotope: C12 …
12. Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry 🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: Define organic chemistry and organic compounds. State and explain the origin of organic compounds. Describe reasons for the separate study of organic compounds. Explain the tetra-covalency and catenation property of carbon. Describe the classification of…
10. Alcohols — Chemistry Notes 🎯 Learning Outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: Describe the nomenclature, isomerism, and classification of monohydric alcohols. Distinguish primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols by Victor Meyer’s Method. Explain the preparation of monohydric alcohols from haloalkanes, primary amines, and esters. Describe the industrial preparation of alcohol from: Oxo…
Learning outcomes The students should be able to: 19.1 Explain the fundamental importance of cement and identify its raw materials. 19.2 Describe the main steps in cement production (crushing and grinding, strong heating, and final grinding). 19.3 Differentiate between OPC and PPC cement. 19.4 Detail the Portland cement manufacturing process with a flow-sheet diagram 19.5…
Haloalkanes (Alkyl Halides) — Chapter 8 Notes 🎯 Learning Outcomes By the end of the chapter, students should be able to: Describe the nomenclature, isomerism, and classification of monohaloalkanes. Explain the preparation of monohaloalkanes from alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols. State physical properties of haloalkanes. Describe chemical properties of haloalkanes: substitution reactions, SN1 and SN2 reactions…
Ionic Equilibrium | NEB Chemistry Notes 🎯 Learning Outcomes By the end of the chapter, students should be able to: State and explain different concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Brønsted–Lowry, and Lewis). Explain the limitations of the Arrhenius concepts of acids and bases. Define conjugate acids and conjugate bases. Identify conjugate acid-base pairs of…
Dalton’s Atomic Theory 🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: Greek philosophers used to get puzzled about the nature of matter. For the first time, Democritus conceived the idea that every matter must be made up of extremely small indivisible particles to be called atoms. 🎥 How…