Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts 🎯 Learning outcomes Candidates should be able to: Explain that catalysts can be homogeneous or heterogeneous Describe the mode of action of a heterogeneous catalyst, including adsorption of reactants, bond weakening and desorption of products, for example: (a) iron in the Haber process (b) palladium, platinum and rhodium in the catalytic…
25.1 Acids and Bases 🎯 Learning outcomes Candidates should be able to: understand and use the terms conjugate acid and conjugate base define conjugate acid–base pairs, identifying such pairs in reactions define the terms pH, Ka, pKa and Kw mathematically and use them in calculations (Kb and the equation Kw = Ka × Kb will…
23.4 Gibbs Free Energy Change 🎯 Learning Outcomes Candidates should be able to: ✓ State and use the Gibbs equation ΔG⦵ = ΔH⦵ − TΔS⦵ ✓ Perform calculations using the equation ΔG⦵ = ΔH⦵ − TΔS⦵ ✓ State whether a reaction or process will be feasible, using the sign of ΔG ✓ Predict the effect…