28.1 General Physical and Chemical Properties of Transition Elements Learning outcomes Candidates should be able to: define a transition element as a d-block element which forms one or more stable ions with incomplete d orbitals sketch the shape of a 3dxy orbital and a 3dz² orbital understand that transition elements have the following properties: they…
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts 🎯 Learning outcomes Candidates should be able to: Explain that catalysts can be homogeneous or heterogeneous Describe the mode of action of a heterogeneous catalyst, including adsorption of reactants, bond weakening and desorption of products, for example: (a) iron in the Haber process (b) palladium, platinum and rhodium in the catalytic…
5.1 Enthalpy Change — A Level Chemistry Learning outcomes Candidates should be able to: understand that chemical reactions are accompanied by enthalpy changes and these changes can be exothermic (ΔH is negative) or endothermic (ΔH is positive) construct and interpret a reaction pathway diagram, in terms of the enthalpy change of the reaction and of…
25.1 Acids and Bases 🎯 Learning outcomes Candidates should be able to: understand and use the terms conjugate acid and conjugate base define conjugate acid–base pairs, identifying such pairs in reactions define the terms pH, Ka, pKa and Kw mathematically and use them in calculations (Kb and the equation Kw = Ka × Kb will…
5.1 Enthalpy Change 5.2 Hess’s Law