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12. Ethers
BySubarnam12. Ethers — Chemistry Notes 🎯 Learning Outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: Describe the nomenclature, classification and isomerism of ethers. Show the preparation of aliphatic and aromatic ethers from Williamson’s synthesis. State physical properties of ethers. Explain the chemical properties of ethoxyethane with HI, Conc. HCl, Conc. H2SO4, air and Cl2…
16.1 Aliphatic Amines
BySubarnam16.1 Aliphatic Amines 🎯 Learning Outcomes — After completion of the chapter, students should be able to: Briefly describe the nomenclature, classification and isomerism of amines. Show the separation of primary, secondary and tertiary amines by Hoffmann’s method. Show preparation of primary amines from haloalkanes, nitriles, nitroalkanes, and amides. State the physical properties of aliphatic…
4. Thermodynamics
BySubarnamThermodynamics 🎯 Learning outcomes After completing this lesson, you should be able to: Define thermodynamics and explain its basic terms: system, surroundings, boundary and universe. Classify systems as open, closed or isolated, and give real-life examples of each. Define state functions and distinguish them from path functions. Distinguish between extensive and intensive properties with examples….
23.4 Gibb’s Free Energy
BySubarnam23.4 Gibbs Free Energy Change 🎯 Learning Outcomes Candidates should be able to: ✓ State and use the Gibbs equation ΔG⦵ = ΔH⦵ − TΔS⦵ ✓ Perform calculations using the equation ΔG⦵ = ΔH⦵ − TΔS⦵ ✓ State whether a reaction or process will be feasible, using the sign of ΔG ✓ Predict the effect…
7.2 Liquid State of Matter
BySubarnam🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Explain the physical properties of liquids like evaporation and condensation, vapour pressure and boiling, surface tension, and viscosity in terms of intermolecular force and intermolecular space. Describe liquid crystals and their applications. 1 💧 Introduction ▼ 💧 What makes a liquid…
8.1 Rate of Reactions
BySubarnam🎯 Learning outcomes After completing this lesson, you should be able to: explain and use the terms rate of reaction, frequency of collisions, effective collisions and non-effective collisions explain qualitatively, in terms of the frequency of effective collisions, the effect of concentration and pressure changes on the rate of a reaction use experimental data to…