2.8 Empirical and Molecular Formula 🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: Find the empirical and molecular formula from the percentage composition. Core Concepts Empirical Formula: The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound. Molecular Formula: The actual number of atoms of…
🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Explain the physical properties of liquids like evaporation and condensation, vapour pressure and boiling, surface tension, and viscosity in terms of intermolecular force and intermolecular space. Describe liquid crystals and their applications. 1 Introduction ▼ An intermediate state between a solid…
🎯 Learning outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: Show the structure of atoms and ions by the Lewis dot method. Explain the ionic bond and the properties of ionic compounds. Explain the covalent bond, the coordinate bond, and the properties of a covalent compound. Describe the features of sigma and pi bonds…
10. Alcohols — Chemistry Notes 🎯 Learning Outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: Describe the nomenclature, isomerism, and classification of monohydric alcohols. Distinguish primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols by Victor Meyer’s Method. Explain the preparation of monohydric alcohols from haloalkanes, primary amines, and esters. Describe the industrial preparation of alcohol from: Oxo…
Haloalkanes (Alkyl Halides) — Chapter 8 Notes 🎯 Learning Outcomes By the end of the chapter, students should be able to: Describe the nomenclature, isomerism, and classification of monohaloalkanes. Explain the preparation of monohaloalkanes from alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols. State physical properties of haloalkanes. Describe chemical properties of haloalkanes: substitution reactions, SN1 and SN2 reactions…