9.7 Phosphorus
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9.5 Halogens
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7. States of matter
7.1 Gaseous state of Matter 7.2 Liquid State of Matter 7.3 Solid State of Matter
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7.3 Solid State of Matter
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7.2 Liquid State of Matter
🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Explain the physical properties of liquids like evaporation and condensation, vapour pressure and boiling, surface tension, and viscosity in terms of intermolecular force and intermolecular space. Describe liquid crystals and their applications. 1 Introduction ▼ An intermediate state between a solid…
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7.1 Gaseous State of Matter
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6. Oxidation and Reduction
🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: 6.1 Define oxidation and reduction in terms of the electronic concept. 6.2 Define oxidation number and explain the rules of assigning oxidation numbers. 6.3 Calculate oxidation numbers of elements in compounds and ions. 6.4 Explain redox processes in terms of changes…
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5. Chemical bonding and shape of molecules
🎯 Learning outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: Show the structure of atoms and ions by the Lewis dot method. Explain the ionic bond and the properties of ionic compounds. Explain the covalent bond, the coordinate bond, and the properties of a covalent compound. Describe the features of sigma and pi bonds…
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4 Classification of Elements
🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: Explain the modern periodic table and its features. Classify the elements of the periodic table in different blocks and groups. Identify the elements as metals, non-metals, and metalloids. Define the term nuclear charge and effective nuclear charge. Explain and interpret…
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2. Stoichiometry
2.1 Dalton’s Atomic Theory 2.2 Law’s of stoichiometry 2.3 Avogadro’s hypothesis 2.4 Mole concept 2.6 Limiting Reactant 2.7 % yield from experimental & theoretical yield 2.8 Empirical & molecular formula from % composition
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2.3 Avogadro’s Hypothesis
2.3 Avogadro’s Law and Some Deductions 🎯 Learning Outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: ✓ State Avogadro’s hypothesis and explain its significance ✓ Derive the relationship: Molecular Mass = 2 × Vapour Density ✓ Show that the gram molecular volume of any gas is 22.4 L at NTP…
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2.2 Laws of Stoichiometry
2.2 Laws of Stoichiometry 🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: State and explain the laws of stoichiometry, viz: law of conservation of mass, law of constant proportions, law of multiple proportions, law of reciprocal proportions, and the law of gaseous volume. Apply these laws in simple numerical…
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7.2 Zinc
7.2 Zinc | NEB Grade 12 Chemistry 🎯 Learning Outcomes By the end of this topic, students should be able to: Describe the occurrence of zinc Describe the extraction of zinc Describe properties (with air, acid, alkali, displacement reaction) State the uses of zinc Explain the chemistry (preparation, properties, and uses) of white vitriol 1…
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9.4 Nitrogen
Learning outcome The students should be able to Nitrogen Introduction Atomic number: 7 Atomic mass: 14 amu E.C.: 1s22s22p3 Molecular mass: 28 Dalton Position in the periodic table Nitrogen is placed along with phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth in group VA (15) of the periodic table. This group is called the nitrogen family….
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13.1 Aliphatic Carbonyl Compounds
13.1 Aliphatic Aldehydes and Ketones – Chemistry Notes 🎯 Learning Outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: write some examples of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones name the given aldehydes and ketones in IUPAC and common systems describe briefly the nomenclature and isomerism of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones show the preparation of aldehydes and…