9.7 Phosphorus 🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: Name allotropes of phosphorus. Write balanced chemical equations for the preparation of phosphine. Write balanced chemical equations for the properties (basic nature, reducing nature, action with halogens and oxygen) of phosphine. State the uses of phosphine. ✏️ To help…
9.5 Halogens 🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: 9.14 Explain general characteristics of halogens. 9.15 Compare the methods of preparation of halogens (no diagram and description required). 9.16 Explain chemical properties of halogens [With water, alkali, ammonia, oxidising character, bleaching action] and uses of halogens (Cl2, Br2,…
7.1 Gaseous state of Matter 7.2 Liquid State of Matter 7.3 Solid State of Matter
🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Differentiate between amorphous and crystalline solids. Describe the properties of crystalline solids (anisotropy, allotropy, isomorphism, polymorphism, transition temperature, habit of crystal, crystal growth). Define unit cell, crystal lattice, efflorescence, deliquescence, hygroscopy, and water of crystallisation with examples. 1 🧱 Why Do…
🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Explain the physical properties of liquids like evaporation and condensation, vapour pressure and boiling, surface tension, and viscosity in terms of intermolecular force and intermolecular space. Describe liquid crystals and their applications. 1 💧 Introduction ▼ 💧 What makes a liquid…
Download PDF 7.1 Gaseous State of Matter notes 7.1 Gaseous State subarnam.com.np 🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: List the postulates of kinetic molecular theory. State and explain Gas laws, related equations, and related numerical problems. Explain Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, Avogadro’s law, combined gas law, Dalton’s…
🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: 6.1 Define oxidation and reduction in terms of the electronic concept. 6.2 Define oxidation number and explain the rules of assigning oxidation numbers. 6.3 Calculate oxidation numbers of elements in compounds and ions. 6.4 Explain redox processes in terms of changes…
🎯 Learning outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: Show the structure of atoms and ions by the Lewis dot method. Explain the ionic bond and the properties of ionic compounds. Explain the covalent bond, the coordinate bond, and the properties of a covalent compound. Describe the features of sigma and pi bonds…
🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: Explain the modern periodic table and its features. Classify the elements of the periodic table in different blocks and groups. Identify the elements as metals, non-metals, and metalloids. Define the term nuclear charge and effective nuclear charge. Explain and interpret…
2.1 Dalton’s Atomic Theory 2.2 Law’s of stoichiometry 2.3 Avogadro’s hypothesis 2.4 Mole concept 2.6 Limiting Reactant 2.7 % yield from experimental & theoretical yield 2.8 Empirical & molecular formula from % composition
2.3 Avogadro’s Law and Some Deductions 🎯 Learning Outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: ✓ State Avogadro’s hypothesis and explain its significance ✓ Derive the relationship: Molecular Mass = 2 × Vapour Density ✓ Show that the gram molecular volume of any gas is 22.4 L at NTP…
2.2 Laws of Stoichiometry 🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: State and explain the laws of stoichiometry, viz: law of conservation of mass, law of constant proportions, law of multiple proportions, law of reciprocal proportions, and the law of gaseous volume. Apply these laws in simple numerical…
7.2 Zinc | NEB Grade 12 Chemistry 🎯 Learning Outcomes By the end of this topic, students should be able to: Describe the occurrence of zinc Describe the extraction of zinc Describe properties (with air, acid, alkali, displacement reaction) State the uses of zinc Explain the chemistry (preparation, properties, and uses) of white vitriol 1…
9.4 Nitrogen 🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: Give a reason for the inertness of nitrogen and the activity of active nitrogen. Give chemical properties of ammonia [Action with CuSO₄ solution, water, FeCl₃ solution, Conc. HCl, Mercurous nitrate paper, O₂]. Explain the applications of ammonia and its…
13.1 Aliphatic Aldehydes and Ketones – Chemistry Notes 🎯 Learning Outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: write some examples of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones name the given aldehydes and ketones in IUPAC and common systems describe briefly the nomenclature and isomerism of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones show the preparation of aldehydes and…