2.8 Empirical and Molecular Formula 🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: Find the empirical and molecular formula from the percentage composition. Core Concepts Empirical Formula: The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound. Molecular Formula: The actual number of atoms of…
2.7 Calculation of Percentage Yield 🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: Calculate the theoretical yield and percentage yield from the given actual yield (experimental yield) Introduction to Yields When performing a chemical synthesis, we use a balanced chemical equation to compute exactly how much product should…
Volumetric Analysis | subarnam.com.np 🎯 Learning Outcomes After the completion of the lesson, the students should be able to Define and explain the terms volumetric and gravimetric analysis. Define and calculate equivalent weights of (elements, acids, bases, salts, oxidising and reducing agents) Define, express, and calculate the concentration of solutions in terms of percentage, g/l,…
🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: Define a mole and explain its relation with mass, volume, and number of particles. Interpret a balanced chemical equation in terms of interacting moles, representative particles, masses, and volume of gases (at STP). Perform stoichiometric calculations involving the above quantities….
Nuclear Chemistry and Applications of Radioactivity 🎯 Learning outcomes After completing this chapter, you should be able to: Describe natural and artificial radioactivity. Give units of radioactivity. Explain nuclear reactions. Distinguish between nuclear fission and fusion reactions. Describe nuclear power and nuclear weapons. Explain industrial uses of radioactivity. State the medical uses of radioactivity. Explain…
20. Paper and Pulp 🎯 Learning outcomes The students should be able to: List out the raw materials and sources of raw materials Describe the stages in the production of paper. Give a flow-sheet diagram for paper production. Describe the quality of the paper. 1 Introduction In today’s world, paper is an essential material for…
16.2 Aromatic Amines (Aniline) 🎯 Learning Outcomes — By the end of the chapter, students should be able to: Show preparation of aniline from nitrobenzene and phenol. State the physical properties of aromatic amines. Explain the chemical properties of aromatic amines, i.e. basicity of aniline, comparison of the basic nature of aniline with aliphatic amines…
15.2 Nitrobenzene 🎯 Learning outcomes After completion of the chapter, students should be able to: Show preparation of nitrobenzene from benzene. State physical properties of nitrobenzene. Explain chemical properties of nitrobenzene, i.e. reduction in different media and electrophilic substitution reactions (nitration, sulphonation & bromination). State important uses of nitro compounds. ⚗️ Preparation of Nitrobenzene ▼…
13.2 Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones – Chemistry Notes 🎯 Learning Outcomes By the end of the chapter, students should be able to: show the preparation of benzaldehyde from toluene and acetophenone from benzene explain the chemical properties of benzaldehyde, i.e. Perkin condensation, Benzoin condensation, Cannizzaro’s reaction and electrophilic substitution reaction 1 🧪 Introduction 🧪 Introduction…
7.5 Silver | NEB Grade 12 Chemistry 🎯 Learning Outcomes After completion of the chapter, you should be able to: Describe the occurrence of silver Describe the extraction of silver by the cyanide process Explain the preparation and uses of silver chloride and silver nitrate 1 Silver — Occurrence & Ores Symbol Ag Atomic number…
14.1 Saturated Hydrocarbons (Alkanes) 🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Define and describe saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes). Show preparation of alkanes from haloalkanes (reduction and Wurtz reaction), decarboxylation, and catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes. Explain the chemical properties of alkanes. Classification of Organic Compounds Hydrocarbons Acyclic compounds…
10.2 Alkali Metals 🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, learners should be able to: Describe the general characteristics of alkali metals. Explain the extraction of sodium from Downs’ process. Describe properties of sodium (action with Oxygen, water, acids, nonmetals and ammonia) and uses. Explain properties (precipitation reaction and action with carbon monoxide)…
🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Explain the physical properties of liquids like evaporation and condensation, vapour pressure and boiling, surface tension, and viscosity in terms of intermolecular force and intermolecular space. Describe liquid crystals and their applications. 1 💧 Introduction ▼ 💧 What makes a liquid…
🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: 6.1 Define oxidation and reduction in terms of the electronic concept. 6.2 Define oxidation number and explain the rules of assigning oxidation numbers. 6.3 Calculate oxidation numbers of elements in compounds and ions. 6.4 Explain redox processes in terms of changes…
🎯 Learning outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: Show the structure of atoms and ions by the Lewis dot method. Explain the ionic bond and the properties of ionic compounds. Explain the covalent bond, the coordinate bond, and the properties of a covalent compound. Describe the features of sigma and pi bonds…