10.2 Alkali Metals 🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, learners should be able to: Describe the general characteristics of alkali metals. Explain the extraction of sodium from Downs’ process. Describe properties of sodium (action with Oxygen, water, acids, nonmetals and ammonia) and uses. Explain properties (precipitation reaction and action with carbon monoxide)…
🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Explain the physical properties of liquids like evaporation and condensation, vapour pressure and boiling, surface tension, and viscosity in terms of intermolecular force and intermolecular space. Describe liquid crystals and their applications. 1 Introduction ▼ An intermediate state between a solid…
🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: 6.1 Define oxidation and reduction in terms of the electronic concept. 6.2 Define oxidation number and explain the rules of assigning oxidation numbers. 6.3 Calculate oxidation numbers of elements in compounds and ions. 6.4 Explain redox processes in terms of changes…
🎯 Learning outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: Show the structure of atoms and ions by the Lewis dot method. Explain the ionic bond and the properties of ionic compounds. Explain the covalent bond, the coordinate bond, and the properties of a covalent compound. Describe the features of sigma and pi bonds…
2.1 Dalton’s Atomic Theory 2.2 Law’s of stoichiometry 2.3 Avogadro’s hypothesis 2.4 Mole concept 2.6 Limiting Reactant 2.7 % yield from experimental & theoretical yield 2.8 Empirical & molecular formula from % composition
2.2 Laws of Stoichiometry 🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: State and explain the laws of stoichiometry, viz: law of conservation of mass, law of constant proportions, law of multiple proportions, law of reciprocal proportions, and the law of gaseous volume. Apply these laws in simple numerical…
7.1 Heavy Metals — Copper | NEB Grade 12 Chemistry 🎯 Learning Outcomes After completion of the chapter, students should be able to: Describe the occurrence and important ores of copper Explain the main steps in the extraction of copper from copper pyrites Describe properties (reaction with air, acids, aqueous ammonia, and metal ions) of…
3. Chemical Kinetics — NEB Chemistry Notes 🎯 Learning Outcomes Candidates should be able to: 3.1 Define chemical kinetics. 3.2 Explain and use the terms: rate of reaction, rate equation, and rate constant. 3.3 Qualitatively explain the factors affecting the rate of reaction. 3.4 Use collision theory to explain the influence of temperature, concentration, and…
🎯Learning outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: Introduction d-block elements: the elements of groups 3-12 in the periodic table, in which the electrons are progressively filled in the d orbitals of the penultimate shell (second last orbit).According to IUPAC, a transition element (or transition metal) is defined as: An element that has a partially…
🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: 9.1 Explain and compare the chemistry of atomic and nascent hydrogen. 9.2 Describe isotopes of hydrogen and their uses, Discuss the application of hydrogen as fuel, heavy water, and its applications. 9.3 Explain types of oxides (acidic, basic, neutral, amphoteric, peroxide,…
12. Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry 🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: Define organic chemistry and organic compounds. State and explain the origin of organic compounds. Describe reasons for the separate study of organic compounds. Explain the tetra-covalency and catenation property of carbon. Describe the classification of…
Fundamentals of Applied Chemistry · full notes Fundamentals of Applied Chemistry How chemistry turns raw materials into everyday products 🎯 Learning outcomes — after completion, students should be able to: 16.1 Explain the chemical industry and its importance. 16.2 Describe the stages in the development of a new product. 16.3 Explain the economics of production…
10. Alcohols — Chemistry Notes 🎯 Learning Outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: Describe the nomenclature, isomerism, and classification of monohydric alcohols. Distinguish primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols by Victor Meyer’s Method. Explain the preparation of monohydric alcohols from haloalkanes, primary amines, and esters. Describe the industrial preparation of alcohol from: Oxo…
Haloalkanes (Alkyl Halides) — Chapter 8 Notes 🎯 Learning Outcomes By the end of the chapter, students should be able to: Describe the nomenclature, isomerism, and classification of monohaloalkanes. Explain the preparation of monohaloalkanes from alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols. State physical properties of haloalkanes. Describe chemical properties of haloalkanes: substitution reactions, SN1 and SN2 reactions…
Ionic Equilibrium | NEB Chemistry Notes 🎯 Learning Outcomes By the end of the chapter, students should be able to: State and explain different concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Brønsted–Lowry, and Lewis). Explain the limitations of the Arrhenius concepts of acids and bases. Define conjugate acids and conjugate bases. Identify conjugate acid-base pairs of…