🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: Define a mole and explain its relation with mass, volume, and number of particles. Interpret a balanced chemical equation in terms of interacting moles, representative particles, masses, and volume of gases (at STP). Perform stoichiometric calculations involving the above quantities….
12. Ethers — Chemistry Notes 🎯 Learning Outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: Describe the nomenclature, classification and isomerism of ethers. Show the preparation of aliphatic and aromatic ethers from Williamson’s synthesis. State physical properties of ethers. Explain the chemical properties of ethoxyethane with HI, Conc. HCl, Conc. H2SO4, air and Cl2…
14.1 Saturated Hydrocarbons (Alkanes) 🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Define and describe saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes). Show preparation of alkanes from haloalkanes (reduction and Wurtz reaction), decarboxylation, and catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes. Explain the chemical properties of alkanes. Classification of Organic Compounds Hydrocarbons Acyclic compounds…
13.2 Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds 🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: Detect N, S, and halogens in organic compounds by Lassaigne’s test. 13.2 Qualitative analysis of organic compounds (detection of N, S, and halogens by Lassaigne’s test) 1 Detection of foreign elements As we know, hydrocarbons…
10.2 Alkali Metals 🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, learners should be able to: Describe the general characteristics of alkali metals. Explain the extraction of sodium from Downs’ process. Describe properties of sodium (action with Oxygen, water, acids, nonmetals and ammonia) and uses. Explain properties (precipitation reaction and action with carbon monoxide)…
10.1 Metals and Metallurgy Look around you.Your mobile phone, bicycle, electrical wires, buildings, cooking utensils and vehicles all depend on metals. But metals are rarely found in nature as pure metals. They are usually present in minerals. How do we turn a rock containing a metal compound into a useful, pure metal? 👉 The science…
🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Explain the physical properties of liquids like evaporation and condensation, vapour pressure and boiling, surface tension, and viscosity in terms of intermolecular force and intermolecular space. Describe liquid crystals and their applications. 1 💧 Introduction ▼ 💧 What makes a liquid…
🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: 6.1 Define oxidation and reduction in terms of the electronic concept. 6.2 Define oxidation number and explain the rules of assigning oxidation numbers. 6.3 Calculate oxidation numbers of elements in compounds and ions. 6.4 Explain redox processes in terms of changes…
🎯 Learning outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: Show the structure of atoms and ions by the Lewis dot method. Explain the ionic bond and the properties of ionic compounds. Explain the covalent bond, the coordinate bond, and the properties of a covalent compound. Describe the features of sigma and pi bonds…
2.1 Dalton’s Atomic Theory 2.2 Law’s of stoichiometry 2.3 Avogadro’s hypothesis 2.4 Mole concept 2.6 Limiting Reactant 2.7 % yield from experimental & theoretical yield 2.8 Empirical & molecular formula from % composition
2.2 Laws of Stoichiometry 🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: State and explain the laws of stoichiometry, viz: law of conservation of mass, law of constant proportions, law of multiple proportions, law of reciprocal proportions, and the law of gaseous volume. Apply these laws in simple numerical…
7.1 Heavy Metals — Copper | NEB Grade 12 Chemistry 🎯 Learning Outcomes After completion of the chapter, students should be able to: Describe the occurrence and important ores of copper Explain the main steps in the extraction of copper from copper pyrites Describe properties (reaction with air, acids, aqueous ammonia, and metal ions) of…
3. Chemical Kinetics — NEB Chemistry Notes 🎯 Learning Outcomes Candidates should be able to: Define chemical kinetics. Explain and use the terms: rate of reaction, rate equation, and rate constant. Qualitatively explain the factors affecting the rate of reaction. Use collision theory to explain the influence of temperature, concentration, and particle size on chemical…
5. Transition Metals | Grade 12 Chemistry 🎯 Learning Outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: Explain the characteristics of transition metals. Explain oxidation states of transition metals. Describe complex ions and metal complexes. Show shapes of complex ions. Describe d-orbitals in complex ions (simple explanation by crystal field theory) for the octahedral…
🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: 9.1 Explain and compare the chemistry of atomic and nascent hydrogen. 9.2 Describe isotopes of hydrogen and their uses, Discuss the application of hydrogen as fuel, heavy water, and its applications. 9.3 Explain types of oxides (acidic, basic, neutral, amphoteric, peroxide,…