🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Explain the physical properties of liquids like evaporation and condensation, vapour pressure and boiling, surface tension, and viscosity in terms of intermolecular force and intermolecular space. Describe liquid crystals and their applications. 1 💧 Introduction ▼ 💧 What makes a liquid…
Download PDF 7.1 Gaseous State of Matter notes 7.1 Gaseous State subarnam.com.np 🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: List the postulates of kinetic molecular theory. State and explain Gas laws, related equations, and related numerical problems. Explain Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, Avogadro’s law, combined gas law, Dalton’s…
🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: 6.1 Define oxidation and reduction in terms of the electronic concept. 6.2 Define oxidation number and explain the rules of assigning oxidation numbers. 6.3 Calculate oxidation numbers of elements in compounds and ions. 6.4 Explain redox processes in terms of changes…
🎯 Learning outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: Show the structure of atoms and ions by the Lewis dot method. Explain the ionic bond and the properties of ionic compounds. Explain the covalent bond, the coordinate bond, and the properties of a covalent compound. Describe the features of sigma and pi bonds…
🎯 Learning outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: Explain the modern periodic table and its features. Classify the elements of the periodic table in different blocks and groups. Identify the elements as metals, non-metals, and metalloids. Define the term nuclear charge and effective nuclear charge. Explain and interpret…
2.1 Dalton’s Atomic Theory 2.2 Law’s of stoichiometry 2.3 Avogadro’s hypothesis 2.4 Mole concept 2.6 Limiting Reactant 2.7 % yield from experimental & theoretical yield 2.8 Empirical & molecular formula from % composition
2.3 Avogadro’s Law and Some Deductions 🎯 Learning Outcomes After the completion of the chapter, the students should be able to: ✓ State Avogadro’s hypothesis and explain its significance ✓ Derive the relationship: Molecular Mass = 2 × Vapour Density ✓ Show that the gram molecular volume of any gas is 22.4 L at NTP…
2.2 Laws of Stoichiometry 🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: State and explain the laws of stoichiometry, viz: law of conservation of mass, law of constant proportions, law of multiple proportions, law of reciprocal proportions, and the law of gaseous volume. Apply these laws in simple numerical…
7.1 Heavy Metals — Copper | NEB Grade 12 Chemistry 🎯 Learning Outcomes After completion of the chapter, students should be able to: Describe the occurrence and important ores of copper Explain the main steps in the extraction of copper from copper pyrites Describe properties (reaction with air, acids, aqueous ammonia, and metal ions) of…
7.2 Zinc | NEB Grade 12 Chemistry 🎯 Learning Outcomes By the end of this topic, students should be able to: Describe the occurrence of zinc Describe the extraction of zinc Describe properties (with air, acid, alkali, displacement reaction) State the uses of zinc Explain the chemistry (preparation, properties, and uses) of white vitriol 1…
9.6 Carbon 🎯 Learning outcomes Learners should be able to: Describe the crystalline and amorphous allotropes of carbon, including fullerenes, with their structure, general properties, and uses. State the properties of carbon monoxide: reducing action, reaction with metals, and nonmetals. List uses of carbon monoxide. 9.6 Carbon 1 Basic Data & Occurrence Symbol: C Atomic…
9.4 Nitrogen 🎯 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter, Students should be able to: Give a reason for the inertness of nitrogen and the activity of active nitrogen. Give chemical properties of ammonia [Action with CuSO₄ solution, water, FeCl₃ solution, Conc. HCl, Mercurous nitrate paper, O₂]. Explain the applications of ammonia and its…
13.1 Aliphatic Aldehydes and Ketones – Chemistry Notes 🎯 Learning Outcomes After the lesson, learners should be able to: write some examples of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones name the given aldehydes and ketones in IUPAC and common systems describe briefly the nomenclature and isomerism of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones show the preparation of aldehydes and…
3. Chemical Kinetics — NEB Chemistry Notes 🎯 Learning Outcomes Candidates should be able to: Define chemical kinetics. Explain and use the terms: rate of reaction, rate equation, and rate constant. Qualitatively explain the factors affecting the rate of reaction. Use collision theory to explain the influence of temperature, concentration, and particle size on chemical…
Chemistry in Service to Mankind | Grade 12 Chemistry Notes 🎯 Learning Outcomes After completion of the chapter, students should be able to: Explain addition and condensation polymers. Explain elastomers and fibres. Describe natural and synthetic polymers. Explain some synthetic polymers (polythene, PVC, Teflon, polystyrene, nylon, and bakelite). Explain types of dyes based on structure…